Dynamic Process Of Wound Healing Research Articles

Formulation and Evaluation of Topical Delivery Diosgenin Emulgel for Diabetic Wounds

A variety of cellular processes work together in a highly coordinated manner to facilitate a complex and dynamic process of wound healing ensuring the efficient restoration of injured tissue. Diosgenin, a plant sterol saponin is primarily found in various plants. The aim of this research was to create an emulgel containing Diosgenin and examine its effects on wound healing in diabetic rats with excision wounds. Histopathological findings further supported the efficacy of the emulgel and results indicate that the application of Diosgenin Emulgel (DE) shows an effective approach for healing of diabetic wounds. The objective of the research stands to explore the possibility of formulation development and wound-healing capabilities of DE. The study evaluated the wound healing effects of the DE in Streptozotocin-induced (STZ) (55 mg/kg) given by intraperitoneal route diabetes and control group. The emulgel was topically applied to assess its effectiveness in promoting wound healing. The application of DE on the rat wounds resulted in a notable wound closure within a 21-day period and significant epithelization was observed with p < 0.001. The study concluded that the formulation demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in promoting the functional recovery of diabetic wounds.

Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes with Various Structures for Wound Dressing.

Electrospun nanofiber membranes (NFMs) have high porosity and a large specific surface area, which provide a suitable environment for the complex and dynamic wound healing process and a large number of sites for carrying wound healing factors. Further, the design of the nanofiber structure can imitate the structure of the human dermis, similar to the natural extracellular matrix, which better promotes the hemostasis, anti-inflammatory and healing of wounds. Therefore, it has been widely studied in the field of wound dressing. This review article overviews the development of electrospinning technology and the application of electrospun nanofibers in wound dressings. It begins with an introduction to the history, working principles, and transformation of electrospinning, with a focus on the selection of electrospun nanofiber materials, incorporation of functional therapeutic factors, and structural design of nanofibers and nanofiber membranes. Moreover, the wide application of electrospun NFMs containing therapeutic factors in wound healing is classified based on their special functions, such as hemostasis, antibacterial and cell proliferation promotion. This article also highlights the structural design of electrospun nanofibers in wound dressing, including porous structures, bead structures, core-shell structures, ordered structures, and multilayer nanofiber membrane structures. Finally, their advantages and limitations are discussed, and the challenges faced in their application for wound dressings are analyzed to promote further research in this field.

Innovative Functional Biomaterials as Therapeutic Wound Dressings for Chronic Diabetic Foot Ulcers.

The imbalance of local and systemic factors in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) delays, or even interrupts, the highly complex and dynamic process of wound healing, leading to diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) in 15 to 25% of cases. DFU is the leading cause of non-traumatic amputations worldwide, posing a huge threat to the well-being of individuals with DM and the healthcare system. Moreover, despite all the latest efforts, the efficient management of DFUs still remains a clinical challenge, with limited success rates in treating severe infections. Biomaterial-based wound dressings have emerged as a therapeutic strategy with rising potential to handle the tricky macro and micro wound environments of individuals with DM. Indeed, biomaterials have long been related to unique versatility, biocompatibility, biodegradability, hydrophilicity, and wound healing properties, features that make them ideal candidates for therapeutic applications. Furthermore, biomaterials may be used as a local depot of biomolecules with anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, and antimicrobial properties, further promoting adequate wound healing. Accordingly, this review aims to unravel the multiple functional properties of biomaterials as promising wound dressings for chronic wound healing, and to examine how these are currently being evaluated in research and clinical settings as cutting-edge wound dressings for DFU management.

Bioactive Glasses for Soft and Hard Tissue Healing Applications—A Short Review

Bioactive glasses have developed into a variety of items that are used in order to treat a wide range of medical problems. Apart from being mostly applied in the healing processes of hard tissues, bioactive glasses are becoming very popular materials in soft tissues healing. Bioactive glasses have exhibited the ability to accelerate skin regeneration by enhancing angiogenesis and collagen deposition in the proliferation stage, as well as positive effects on all the other important stages of wound healing. They can adhere to hard tissues such as bone and aid in the regeneration of those tissues by forming a calcium–phosphate-like layer on their surfaces. The formation of this apatite layer results in a linkage between the hard tissue and the glass, which further leads to bone healing. This short review summarizes the dynamic process of wound healing along with the basic concepts of bioactive glasses applied in this domain. We aimed to explore constructs which aid different phases of wound healing. Moreover, several research studies dedicated to bioactive glass thin films are briefly discussed.

PD02-09 WOUND HEALING PROCESS IN ELDERLY BEAGLES AFTER TRANSURETHRAL VAPORIZATION OF THE PROSTATE WITH A NOVEL 450 NM 200 W LASER

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023PD02-09 WOUND HEALING PROCESS IN ELDERLY BEAGLES AFTER TRANSURETHRAL VAPORIZATION OF THE PROSTATE WITH A NOVEL 450 NM 200 W LASER Xiaofeng Xu, Guoxiong Liu, Dali Jiang, Hengtong Fan, Zejun Ren, Bing Yang, Liyue Mu, Dalin He, and Lin Yang Xiaofeng XuXiaofeng Xu More articles by this author , Guoxiong LiuGuoxiong Liu More articles by this author , Dali JiangDali Jiang More articles by this author , Hengtong FanHengtong Fan More articles by this author , Zejun RenZejun Ren More articles by this author , Bing YangBing Yang More articles by this author , Liyue MuLiyue Mu More articles by this author , Dalin HeDalin He More articles by this author , and Lin YangLin Yang More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003219.09AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Compared with other commercially used lasers, the coagulation layer of the novel 450 nm laser is thinner, and the thickness of the coagulation layer is the key factor affecting the wound healing. In this study, we investigate whether the novel 450 nm 200 W laser system is superior to the classic transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for wound healing in beagles. METHODS: Twenty-two 6-8-year-old male beagles were treated with TURP or blue laser vaporization of the prostate (BLVP), and the prostate wound was observed using cystoscopy 3 h, 1, 2, 3, and 5 weeks after the operation (two beagles in each group). Two elderly beagles without the operation were used as the normal controls. After the cystoscopy examination, the prostate was collected and fixed for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunofluorescence staining, and the dynamic process of wound healing was observed under the microscope. RESULTS: The urethras of the prostates under cystoscopy in the BLVP groups were healed three weeks after surgery, while in the TURP group, they were healed five weeks after surgery. The H&E staining confirmed that the coagulation necrosis layer in the TURP group was thicker than that in the BLVP group, and it took more time to remove the coagulation necrosis after surgery. The change in the macrophage polarity in the BLVP group was also earlier than that in the TURP group. CONCLUSIONS: The new 450 nm 200 W laser was superior to TURP for wound healing. The thinner coagulation layer of the 450-nm laser was the primary reason for this process. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e72 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Xiaofeng Xu More articles by this author Guoxiong Liu More articles by this author Dali Jiang More articles by this author Hengtong Fan More articles by this author Zejun Ren More articles by this author Bing Yang More articles by this author Liyue Mu More articles by this author Dalin He More articles by this author Lin Yang More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Multifunctional GO Hybrid Hydrogel Scaffolds for Wound Healing.

Hydrogel dressings have received extensive attention for the skin wound repair, while it is still a challenge to develop a smart hydrogel for adapting the dynamic wound healing process. Herein, we develop a novel graphene oxide (GO) hybrid hydrogel scaffold with adjustable mechanical properties, controllable drug release, and antibacterial behavior for promoting wound healing. The scaffold was prepared by injecting benzaldehyde and cyanoacetate group-functionalized dextran solution containing GO into a collection pool of histidine. As the GO possesses obvious photothermal behavior, the hybrid hydrogel scaffold exhibited an obvious stiffness decrease and effectively promoted cargo release owing to the breaking of the thermosensitive C=C double bond at a high temperature under NIR light. In addition, NIR-assisted photothermal antibacterial performance of the scaffold could be also achieved with the local temperature rising after irradiation. Therefore, it is demonstrated that the GO hybrid hydrogel scaffold with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) encapsulation can achieve the adjustable mechanical properties, photothermal antibacterial, and angiogenesis during the wound healing process. These features indicated that the proposed GO hybrid hydrogel scaffold is potentially valuable for promoting wound healing and other biomedical application.

Bioactive Glasses: A Promising Therapeutic Ion Release Strategy for Enhancing Wound Healing.

The morbidity, mortality, and burden of burn victims and patients with severe diabetic wounds are still high, which leads to an extensively growing demand for novel treatments with high clinical efficacy. Biomaterial-based wound treatment approaches have progressed over time from simple cotton wool dressings to advanced skin substitutes containing cells and growth factors; however, no wound care approach is yet completely satisfying. Bioactive glasses are materials with potential in many areas that exhibit unique features in biomedical applications. Today, bioactive glasses are not only amorphous solid structures that can be used as a substitute in hard tissue but also are promising materials for soft tissue regeneration and wound healing applications. Biologically active elements such as Ag, B, Ca, Ce, Co, Cu, Ga, Mg, Se, Sr, and Zn can be incorporated in glass networks; hence, the superiority of these multifunctional materials over current materials results from their ability to release multiple therapeutic ions in the wound environment, which target different stages of the wound healing process. Bioactive glasses and their dissolution products have high potency for inducing angiogenesis and exerting several biological impacts on cell functions, which are involved in wound healing and some other features that are valuable in wound healing applications, namely hemostatic and antibacterial properties. In this review, we focus on skin structure, the dynamic process of wound healing in injured skin, and existing wound care approaches. The basic concepts of bioactive glasses are reviewed to better understand the relationship between glass structure and its properties. We illustrate the active role of bioactive glasses in wound repair and regeneration. Finally, research studies that have used bioactive glasses in wound healing applications are summarized and the future trends in this field are elaborated.

Construction of low-wettable free-standing layer-by-layer multilayer for fibrinogen adsorption

With advancements in medical technology, various wound dressing materials are available for all types of wounds. As a dynamic process of wound healing, the first phase, namely “hemostasis” depending on protein adsorption, is a pivotal role for the following continuous phase. Although recent technological developments are investigating wound dressings that are degradable in vivo or thinner and less visible by fabricating a film that is free-standing from the substrate, there are few literatures which can show self-standing Layer-by-Layer (LbL) films dealing with the complex relation of mechanical property, wettability, and protein adsorption. Here, we demonstrate a wettability-controlled free-standing LbL multilayer with featuring each construction process. The successful free-standing LbL films were evaluated for efficient fibrinogen adsorption. The surface wettability was controlled by changing the number of bilayers and the annealing temperature as a process before peeled off from the substrate, and it increased from 40° to nearly 90°. The annealing time also influenced the peeling time by changing swelling and shrinkage, and the annealing at 180 °C achieved the complete exfoliation from the substrate for 10 min. The 35-bilayer free-standing film showed the maximum stress value of 29.4 MPa and the elongation property of 2.2 %. The free-standing LbL film trapped fibrinogen in the fibrinogen dispersion while the film without annealing did not show the change of peak ratio after the fibrinogen adsorbed test. The study would be valuable for manufacturing wettability-controlled free-standing films and demonstrate the possibility of future wound healing thin films.

Assessment of the histological state of the healing wound

The dynamic process of wound healing has various phases, and the knowledge of which is essential for identification of the pathology involved in a chronic intractable wound. Various instruments for the assessment of wound healing have been described, primarily for clinical assessment of the wound. However, very few instruments are currently available for histological grading of the wound. The aim of this article is to review all available literature from 1993 to 2014 on the objective histological scoring of the state of wound healing. This review article emphasizes the importance of histological grading of wounds based on the different parameters from each phase of wound healing and the need for an ideal grading system in order to help assessment of wound status. The parameter chosen in an experimental model should be defined by the scientific question, the underlying hypothesis and the pathogenesis of the disease.

A novel mechanism of abnormal hematological indices in liver cirrhosis: Bone marrow endothelial cell dysfunction caused by humoral inhibitor affects the hematopoietic function of bone marrow

Abnormal hematological indices (HIs), a complication of liver cirrhosis (LC), present difficulties in the treatment of LC and pose a serious threat to the survival of patients. LC is a dynamic wound-healing process that occurs in response to repeated liver injury and is a chronic disorder associated with changes in various organs and tissues. It has been reported that humoral inhibitor in the formation of LC could affect the hematogenic functions of bone marrow (BM) by acting on erythroid differentiation. This indicates that the BM microenvironment is affected by humoral inhibitor in LC. Bone marrow endothelial cells (BMECs) are very important components of the BM microenvironment that function as the cytoskeleton to support the adhesion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In addition, they can secrete cytokines, which have important functions in regulating positioning, homing, proliferation, differentiation and other functions of HSCs on the BM microenvironment. These functions of BMECs may be affected due to direct contact with blood and long-term exposure to an environment with humoral inhibitor in the presence of LC. Multiple studies have shown that during the formation of LC, hepatic sinusoid endothelial cells were damaged and secreted cytokines and matrix proteins. Moreover, these cytokines and matrix proteins were involved in the formation and development of LC. Similar in function to mature-stage BM, liver at the embryonic stage also functions as a type of hematogenic organ. With similar anatomical position and functions to that of hepatic sinusoid endothelial cells, BMECs may undergo similar changes and impair hematogenic function of BM. More importantly, we found even more convincing evidence in that the humoral inhibitor in LC could lead to the ultrastructural damage of BMECs that were positively related to the degree of severity of LC. Therefore, we hypothesise the existence of a novel mechanism for abnormal HIs in LC: the continuous humoral inhibitor may lead to abnormal cytokine secretion of BMECs and attenuate their supporting functions, and such alterations of BMECs may lead to BM microenvironment disorder and dysfunction of HSCs, finally causing abnormal HIs.

Reflectance confocal microscopy for the evaluation of acute epidermal wound healing

The dynamic process of wound healing is routinely evaluated by clinical or histological evaluation. Recently, a number of non-invasive imaging techniques have been evaluated for their clinical applicability in dermatology. Among them, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) represents a non-invasive imaging technique that allows the in vivo characterization of the skin at near-histological resolution. The aim of this study was to monitor epidermal wound repair using RCM in a model of tissue damage induced by cryosurgery. For this purpose, contact cryosurgery was performed at -32 °C for 10 seconds on the volar forearm of five healthy volunteers. Clinical and RCM evaluations were performed at nine consecutive time points. RCM allowed the visualization of edema formation and blood vessel dilatation immediately after cryosurgery, as well as morphologic features of wound repair, including the formation of finger-like protusions of keratinocytes into the wound bed, the appearance of hairpin-like vessels, and inflammatory cells. This pilot study illustrates that RCM represents a promising technique for quasi-real-time monitoring the kinetics of wound repair non-invasively and over time, thus offering new insights into in vivo processes of cutaneous wound repair and angiogenesis, as well as potential effects of topically applied drugs on the process of tissue repair.

Molecular pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis and current therapeutic approaches

The pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis involves significant deposition of fibrilar collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins. It is a rather dynamic process of wound healing in response to a variety of persistent liver injury caused by factors such as ethanol intake, viral infection, drugs, toxins, cholestasis, and metabolic disorders. Liver fibrosis distorts the hepatic architecture, decreases the number of endothelial cell fenestrations and causes portal hypertension. Key events are the activation and transformation of quiescent hepatic stellate cells into myofibroblast-like cells with the subsequent up-regulation of proteins such as α-smooth muscle actin, interstitial collagens, matrix metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, and proteoglycans. Oxidative stress is a major contributing factor to the onset of liver fibrosis and it is typically associated with a decrease in the antioxidant defense. Currently, there is no effective therapy for advanced liver fibrosis. In its early stages, liver fibrosis is reversible upon cessation of the causative agent. In this review, we discuss some aspects on the etiology of liver fibrosis, the cells involved, the molecular pathogenesis, and the current therapeutic approaches.

Morphine-induced early delays in wound closure: Involvement of sensory neuropeptides and modification of neurokinin receptor expression

Dose-limiting side effects of centrally acting opioid drugs have led to the use of topical opioids to reduce the pain associated with chronic cutaneous wounds. However, previous studies indicate that topical morphine application impairs wound healing. This study was designed to elucidate the mechanisms by which morphine delays wound closure. Rats were depleted of sensory neuropeptides by treatment with capsaicin, and full-thickness 4-mm diameter wounds were excised from the intrascapular region. Wounds were treated topically twice daily with 5 mM morphine sulfate, 1 mM substance P, 1 mM neurokinin A, or 5 mM morphine combined with 1 mM substance P or neurokinin A and wound areas assessed. During closure, wound tissue was taken 1, 3, 5, and 8 days post-wounding from control and morphine-treated rats and immunostained for neurokinin receptors and markers for macrophages, myofibroblasts, and vasculature. Results obtained from capsaicin-treated animals demonstrated a significant delay in the early stages of wound contraction that was reversed by neuropeptide application. Treatment of capsaicin-treated rats with topical morphine did not further delay wound closure, suggesting that topical opioids impair wound closure via the inhibition of peripheral neuropeptide release into the healing wound. Morphine application altered neurokinin-1 and neurokinin-2 receptor expression in inflammatory and parenchymal cells essential for wound healing in a cell-specific manner, demonstrating a direct effect of morphine on neurokinin receptor regulation within an array of cells involved in wound healing. These data provide evidence indicating a potentially detrimental effect of topical morphine application on the dynamic wound healing process.

Stress-induced corneal epithelial apoptosis mediated by K+ channel activation

One of the functional roles of the corneal epithelial layer is to protect the cornea, lens and other underlying ocular structures from damages caused by environmental insults. It is important for corneal epithelial cells to maintain this function by undergoing continuous renewal through a dynamic process of wound healing. Previous studies in corneal epithelial cells have provided substantial evidence showing that environmental insults, such as ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and other biohazards, can induce stress-related cellular responses resulting in apoptosis and thus interrupt the dynamic process of wound healing. We found that UV irradiation-induced apoptotic effects in corneal epithelial cells are started by the hyperactivation of K+ channels in the cell membrane resulting in a fast loss of intracellular K+ ions. Recent studies provide further evidence indicating that these complex responses in corneal epithelial cells are resulted from the activation of stress-related signaling pathways mediated by K+ channel activity. The effect of UV irradiation on corneal epithelial cell fate shares common signaling mechanisms involving the activation of intracellular responses that are often activated by the stimulation of various cytokines. One piece of evidence for making this distinction is that at early times UV irradiation activates a Kv3.4 channel in corneal epithelial cells to elicit activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase cascades and p53 activation leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The hypothetic model is that UV-induced potassium channel hyperactivity as an early event initiates fast cell shrinkages due to the loss of intracellular potassium, resulting in the activation of scaffolding protein kinases and cytoskeleton reorganizations. This review article presents important control mechanisms that determine Kv channel activity-mediated cellular responses in corneal epithelial cells, involving activation of stress-induced signaling pathways, arrests of cell cycle progression and/or induction of apoptosis.